Evaluation of fibrous-sclerotic changes in the thyroid gland from a surgeon’s perspective. Part III

Introduction. Fibro-sclerotic changes in the thyroid gland during minimally invasive interventions, particularly chemical ablation, are a targeted and planned outcome that determines the structure, size, and morphology of the destroyed areas of the gland. Changes in the size and volume of cysts, nodules, and thyroid tumors as a result of the use of chemical reagents are an expected outcome of induced progressive fibrosis and sclerosis of the tissues, which manifest as a decrease in the size of the focal lesion and a change in its pathomorphological characteristics. Purpose of the study. To evaluate, according to the literature data, the indications for the use of the chemical ablation technique, the variants of its application, the dynamics of changes and the outcomes of fibrosclerotic changes in the tissue and nodular formations of the thyroid gland of various morphological structure. Materials and methods. Search for literature sources in the E-library, PubMed, and Scopus databases using the keywords “fibrosis”, “sclerosis”, “calcification”, and “hyalinization” in conjunction with the phrases “sclerotherapy for thyroid pathology” and “chemical ablation for thyroid pathology”. Results. When using the minimally invasive treatment method of "chemical ablation" in patients with thyroid pathology, the expected result is the regression of the focal formation and the progressive replacement of the proliferating thyroid tissue with fibrosis, sclerosis, hyalinosis, and calcification. Conclusion. Today, chemical ablation is one of the components of the therapeutic algorithm for treating patients with thyroid pathology.