On the Problem of Social and Economic Development (of the Region of Azerbaijan)

The development of economic reform processes necessitated the formation of a new ideological and economic environment, which, in turn, determined the development of the regional economy on a new methodological basis.

Development of the processes of economic reform led to the need for the formation of a new ideological and economic environment which, in turn, led to the development of regional economies on a new methodological basis.

Keyword : region, multifactorial, economic subjects. socio -economic development, regional economics of regional processes .

The center of economic reform has shifted to the regions, as the socioeconomic transformation has affected the most profound processes of the enterprise's economy and the social system, which are tied to specific regions. The economic transformation has touched many aspects of the functioning of the region as a complex socio-economic organism, which, even under the conditions of the planned economy of the region, has never been guided by a single criterion in the choice of economic behavior, and in the conditions of a market economy, the rules of behavior of almost all subjects of the economic life of the region have changed.

The vital activity of the region is directly dependent on the knowledge and completeness of information, the ability to use it in the management process. This factor gives rise to a new form of reflection of objective reality, in particular, socio-informational reflection, which makes it possible to create information-sociological regional polygons and conduct various social experiments, social projects on them, build variational models for the ~ 110~ development of social reality and manage it, which allows us to conclude about the need to create a single information space of the object of study - the region [1].

The ongoing processes have led to changes both at the microeconomic -level, in the behavior of firms, and at the macroeconomic level. The basis for the analysis and evaluation of modern regional processes is economic theory, which makes it possible to consider the macro and microeconomic aspects of the socio- economic development of the region. Due to the complexity and interdependence of socio-economic processes, as well as the significant impact on the spatial development of non-economic factors that determine the behavior of economic entities, a special set of problems is distinguished that are the subject of study of the socio -economic development of the region.

The main task in this case is to determine the general trends of transformation processes. Essential here is the identification of the most stable characteristics that reflect the dynamics of socioeconomic changes. It is necessary to use all resources - intellectual, financial, information to build such a strategy for the development of regions, which would create conditions for sustainable economic growth in all regions, as well as accelerated socio-economic development of problem regions.

Azerbaijan, representing a model of a complex territorial, socio-economic system and solves the most important task of ensuring a balance in the economic development of regions and minimizing the differences existing between them. This is possible on the basis of natural connecting elements determined by specific life situations and implemented through culture, language, traditions, the use of common resources, maintaining the proper level of -collective life safety, as well as through the interpenetration of various elements. From this point of view, in Azerbaijan, the “State Program” for regional development is being implemented. The main task of the "State Program" consists of a consistent and connected implementation of measures aimed at ensuring the balance of economic development from a regional point of view, improving the social welfare and living standards of citizens in the regions, the state economy, and especially the dynamic development of the non- oil sector.

The vital activity of the regions is also directly dependent on some features of their functioning, the formulation of the main features of their classification , the development of key rules necessary in the management process, and the construction of management models on this basis, the development of mechanisms for their implementation, and the identification of development trends.

The concept - "region" includes several components. Geographic - the concept of "region" (from lat. regions - region) means the same as the area; "territory (water area), often very significant in size, not necessarily a taxonomic unit in any system of territorial division" [2, from. 111]. There is a geographical unity of the region: the center, a frame around it [3 , p. 78].

Economic - for the economy, the most important is the allocation of regions from the standpoint of administrative and economic regulation, the place for the regional division of labor, the functioning of markets, the typicality of socio-economic problems. Therefore, in economic science, there is currently an idea of the region as a self-governing territory, that is, as a subject Azerbaijan Republic .

The region should be understood, first of all, as a territorial socio-economic formation, the basis of which is the spatial organization of the productive forces, characterized by the unity and integrity of the reproduction process, which can and should, as it seems, develop on its own economic base.

Based on the foregoing, it can be understood that a region is an integral socio-economic system that has a single structure, including physical-geographical, economic , political-administrative, ethnic, socio-cultural, legal, political components, their corresponding social institutions, with a decisive role management institutions in organizing the life of the region.

That is, a region is a complex and complex phenomenon, which is a holistic, spatially organized form of life as a system, which is characterized by relative isolation, integrity, complexity, structuredness, subordination to a single goal, connection with the external environment.

This form has its own content, which includes: and the interaction of subjects in the process of reproduction of conditions life; and material factors that are the basis of reproduction; and quantitative and qualitative indicators characterizing the result - the level of socio-economic development.

The multifactorial nature and heterogeneity of reserves, phenomena and -processes necessitates the use of a systematic approach methodology for their structuring. The region, considered from these positions, is an ordered set of various elements between which certain connections exist or can be established [3 , p. 78] .

The most important aspect in this case is the preservation and development of the features of a particular region, which requires special attention from society and the state to maintaining the vitality of the natural component. This aspect of the interpretation of the category "region" is due to the need to adjust priorities in the direction of increasing attention to the problems of socially and environmentally -oriented economic development.

The regional system, being an integral part of a single socio-economic system of the country, consists of hierarchically interconnected territorial entities of different levels, which themselves are also complex territorial economic systems. Each of these systems performs its functions in the territorial system of a higher level. Consequently, the regional economy as the mesolevel of the economy is its -independent segment. The main goal of the regional economy is to ensure a decent standard of living for the population .

The development of any object is a transition from one of its qualitative states to another. It is characterized by structure, sources, forms and direction. On this basis, the development of the region can be represented as a complex process of changes in its ecological, economic, social, spiritual, spatial, political spheres, leading to their qualitative transformations and, ultimately, to changes in the living conditions of the person himself [3, p.76] .

For the typology of regions, as a rule, indicators are used that characterize the features of the functioning of the entire production process in them, including indicators of specialization in industrial production, employment of the population, infrastructure development , the availability of scientific and technical personnel, and others. In the State Program for the socio-economic development of the regions of Azerbaijan adopted in 2004, 10 economic zones were identified. In the program, due to strong development, the city of Baku is not included in the Absheron economic zone. The economic zones of Azerbaijan are as follows: Absheron; Ganja - Kazakh; Sheki-Zakatala; Lankaran; Cuba-Khachmaz; Foothill; Upper Karabakh; Kalbajar-Lachin; Mountainous Shirvan; Nakhichevan [4, p. twenty].

The identified features of the socio-economic development of the regions in modern conditions, due to the reform of the economy, suggest the danger of the emergence and development of a crisis , and hence the need to manage the socioeconomic potential. This, in turn, requires a differentiated approach when analyzing the state, identifying problems and developing recommendations - aimed at stabilizing the socioeconomic situation and achieving a subsequent effective rhythm of the region's functioning.