Experience in cluster policy implementation in Asia and Latin America

In recent years the development of clusters on the territory of the Russian Federation became one of the most important tools for the development of an innovative and competitive economy, which is supported by the relevant legal framework, developed primarilyat the federal level. The complicated political situation which emerged at the global level, makes us to revise the previously used approaches to the implementation of cluster policy, and dictates the search for new tools for the development of regional and national clusters of all types. In this regard, the experience of non- European countries which also use the cluster approach becomes particularly relevant. The purpose of the study was to analyze the features of cluster policy implementation in the countries of Asia and Latin America. In order to achieve this goal, the methods of induction, analysis, synthesis, and comparison were used. The analysis revealed the features of cluster policy models in the countries under analysis; clarified the goals, stages of implementation and the main agents of cluster policy in Japan, China, South Korea, Brazil and Mexico; suggested conclusions on cluster policies implementation in Russia, which can be used by public authorities within their powers. Particular attention is paid to the industry of developing clusters, their composition, and the role of government in this process, the direction of policies and stages of implementation of cluster support tools. One of the main conclusions is that the cluster policy in the more developed countries of Asia has a clear innovative orientation with a view to world leadership, while developing countries use clusters, primarily as a tool to address social issues, and to support exports.