Organized recruitment as a modern tool for regulating migration processes: challenges and prospects (Case of St. Petersburg)

This article analyzes contemporary mechanisms for regulating labor migration in the Russian Federation, focusing on the interaction between labor migrants, employers, and government bodies. It examines key aspects of migration policy, including the legalization of foreign nationals, regulation of labor activity, combating illegal migration, and ensuring population employment. Particular attention is paid to the role of international agreements, such as those with Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, in organizing labor migration. Using St. Petersburg as a case study, the demographic, economic, and social factors influencing migration processes are investigated. The article notes that the city, like other Russian regions, requires an influx of foreign labor due to its aging population and structural imbalances in the labor market. Migrants fill niches in construction, the service sector, and other industries experiencing a shortage of local personnel. The author emphasizes the importance of a systematic approach to attracting labor migration, including organized recruitment and adaptation programs. However, challenges are noted, such as the high cost of patents for migrants and informal migration networks, which limit the effectiveness of official mechanisms. The activities of the St. Petersburg House of Nationalities are also highlighted, focusing on migrant integration through adaptation courses, advisory work, and analytical research. In conclusion, the article argues for the need to improve migration policy, including the creation of more flexible and accessible legalization mechanisms. This would help mitigate the risks associated with uncontrolled migration flows and promote the successful integration of foreign nationals into Russian society.