Organization of the work of a psychologist to identify emotional disorders in pre-school children

Introduction .

In the era of ubiquitous globalization and the integration of all spheres of human knowledge, it is difficult to do the research without psychological knowledge. The future of our children is closely related to the extent to which parents correctly approach their upbringing, and also how timely the psychological problems that a child develops at each age stage of his development will be identified and overcome.

Today, a huge number of tests, projective, and drawing techniques are available for psychologists in order to explore various spheres of the personality. For instance, cognitive processes, emotional-volitional sphere, relationships in a group and a team, readiness for school, identify abilities, identify psychological problems.

The relevance of the study is determined by the growing need to improve the professional and personal qualities of a practical psychologist, as well as the development of a comprehensive program for psycho-diagnostics and psychocorrection of children of a particular age group. Certain aspects of the problem of interest to us, of course, were touched upon in the work of teachers, psychologists, and doctors. It should be noted that today there are already in the arsenal of psychologists specific methods of distinguishing children by groups when placing them, both in ordinary and in special educational institutions. The time has passed when there was no psychologist in schools, today every educational institution has a staff of a psychologist, but to this day the problem of organizing a large-scale, comprehensive study of children of each age group presents certain difficulties, which makes it impossible for psychologists to timely conduct both correctional, and preventive work. This fact hinders the implementation of activities necessary to provide psychological assistance to a specific category of children, and leaves unresolved the issue related to the problem of early correction of existing shortcomings, both in the behavior and emotional sphere of the children of a pre-school institution. Certain tasks stand both before the general and special psychology, both in terms of development and implementation of existing psychological methods of researching specific moments of cognitive activity of children, especially in the dynamics of its development and qualitative analysis.

This research does not aim to identify and correct violations in the behavior of children whose mental state is beyond the norm. This aspect borders on another branch - medical psychology. We have tried to touch on certain issues related to early diagnosis and correction of problems that arise in children whose mental health is in the norms of the norm, having certain difficulties, manifested at various levels, both in the family and in the pre-school educational institution. The use of psycho-correctional programs will allow timely prevention of existing shortcomings in the behavior of the child, which can subsequently harm his mental health. In addition to the above, the urgency of the problem under investigation is related to the need for compulsory introduction of not only the staff of a psychologist into preschool institutions, but also the justification for the need for introducing a valeologist and a social pedagogue into the work of a pre-school institution, strengthening the work of a psychologist in diagnosis, prevention and psycho-correction of children's behavior at the stage of preparation for school.

April, 2021. Paper: Gulnara Hasanova

Methods .

The essence of our research was the study of interrelated issues of the formation and development of the personality in ontogenesis, the timely detection of violations in the behavior and mental development of the child. At the beginning of the work, the plan and tasks of the survey were outlined. The particular interest was initially assigned precisely to the possibility of influencing the child's mental health, rendering timely assistance, preventing undesirable phenomena at every age stage. An experimental study was conducted in the city of Baku, on the basis of several preschool institutions.

The purpose of the first stage was preliminary acquaintance, information gathering, selection of the participants of the correctional group on the basis of diagnostic procedures. At the second stage it was supposed to conduct psycho correctional exercises with children and parents, both in the group and individually. At the third - the final stage - checking the effectiveness of the correctional program, analyzing and comparing the results.

The subject of the study was emotional and behavioral disorders with preschool children. As research methods we chose the following: observation, natural experiment, testing, longitudinal study method.

The information was used in research: a conversation about fears (a modification of the technique of A.I. Zakharov) [15, p.48]; projective methodology "What I dream terrible or what I'm afraid of during the day" [15, p.86]; the technique of "Drawing a family" (Homentauskas G.T.) [38]; the questionnaire of the parental relationship A.Ya. Varhygi and V.V. Stoilin (for the diagnosis of the parental position in relation to the child) [29, p.236-242]; questionnaire "Analysis of family relationships" by E.G. Eidemiller [42, p.600605], a set of metaphorical associative maps "My fear!" (author's deck, compiled on the basis of national fairy tales), author's psychocorrection program for p. b) with emotionally unbalanced, aggressive, shy, locked children, content analysis for the processing of test results; methods of mathematical statistics (the SPSS program was used).