Features of percutaneous puncture nephrolithotripsy in patients with horseshoe kidney

The paper summarizes the results of research, the definition of features and the technique of percutaneous puncture nephrolithotripsy (PPN) for horseshoe kidney stones. We analyzed complex multi-projection X-ray diagnostics of 19 patients with horseshoe kidneys. We also used percutaneous intervention model for 3 cadaveric horseshoe kidneys and performed PPN in 56 patients with horseshoe kidney stones. The peculiarities of PPN for horseshoe kidney stones are discussed, an analysis of complications and recommendations are given.