Features of posture formation in female athletes of various dance styles

Relevance. The state of posture in athletes of various specializations depends on the intensity of static-dynamic loads, the range of asymmetric elements, the elasticity of the muscular-ligamentous apparatus and other factors, the degree of influence of which increases with the growth of athletic skill, especially in cases where training and competitive loads exceed the morphofunctional capabilities of the body, which often occurs in high-performance sports. The aim of the study is to establish the parameters characterizing the posture of athletes of various dance styles. Research methods. The study involved 42 athletes aged 18-22 years, specializing in dance sport (18 dancers of the European competition program (II-III category), 14 – European competition program (MS, CMS, 1 category), 10 – Latin American program (MS, CMS, 1 category)). The state of posture was assessed using the method of “Rhomb V.N. Mashkova”, calculated the coefficient of asymmetry (Kas) of posture indicators, diagnosed the condition of the feet according to Shtriter, assessed motor asymmetry according to E.M. Berdichevskaya, and analyzed medical records. Research results. This study revealed the specificity of posture asymmetry in athletes of various dance programs. Most dancers of the European competition program had asymmetry of posture in the frontal plane simultaneously in both the upper and lower parts of the body, 25% were diagnosed with scoliosis. In dancers diagnosed with scoliosis, a high correlation was found between posture indicators and foot arches, as well as right-sided motor asymmetry of the upper and lower extremities. In most athletes of the Latin American program, torso asymmetry was clearly localized in its upper or lower part. Also, the Latin American program athletes showed a significantly lower (P˂0.05) asymmetry of the AB/AC values compared to the European program athletes. There were no dancers diagnosed with scoliosis among the Latin American program athletes. Conclusion. Most highly qualified athletes specializing in dance sport had asymmetry of posture in the frontal plane. The specificity of asymmetry was determined by the type of competition program, the specificity of the training load and genetic predisposition, emphasizing the relationship between hereditary factors and manifestations of motor skills and abilities.