Specific features of protein content formation in soft spring wheat grain in the conditions of Western Siberia

The aim of the study is to research the factors influencing the accumulation of protein in the grain of soft spring wheat in Western Siberia under contrasting meteorological conditions. The objects of research are three varieties of strong (Pamyati Azieva, Omskaya 38 and Omskaya 18) and three varieties of valuable (Omskaya 36, Duet and Omskaya 35) soft spring wheat, entered in the State Register of the Russian Federation and cultivated in the Omsk Region. The varieties were selected from the stationary nursery of competitive variety testing of the soft spring wheat breeding laboratory of the Omsk ARC in 2011-2019. Indicators were determined - the protein content in the grain and the weight of 1000 grains in the grain quality laboratory. The meteorological conditions were contrasting, which made it possible to more objectively assess the dynamics of protein accumulation in grain over the years of study. The monitoring of protein content in grain of spring soft wheat for the period 2011-2019 was carried out according to the classification of GOST 9353-2016. The research studied the effect of temperature and precipitation on the synthesis and accumulation of protein in grain. Correlations between the protein content in grain, yield and weight of 1000 grains were determined. The change in the gross protein yield over the years of the research was studied. A significant influence on the formation of protein in grain was exerted by hydrothermal support during the period of sowing and the formation of plant organs, where the synthesis and accumulation of protein substances directly occur. Water deficiency during the period of setting and grain forming reduces the accumulation of protein substances. Research has shown that selection for high 1000 grain weights will have a positive effect on increasing grain yield and protein content. Integral indicator - the total harvest of protein per unit area can be improved through the use of both high-protein and high-yield varieties of soft spring wheat. The Omskaya 38 variety was recommended for cultivation, which showed a high protein harvest per unit area and in the years of epiphytoties.