Peculiarities of the modern historical era: some issues and objectives of philosophy. Part 2. The axial zone of the systemic crisis of civilization

According to the author, the underlying cause of modern crisis trends, as discussed in part 1 of this essay (2025, issue 1), is the anthropological crisis. All the global crises outlined in the previous article are centered around the essential crisis of modern man. Therefore, the anthropological crisis is an axial zone of all modern dangerous challenges. The present paper shows the origins of this crisis, caused by historical alienation of the generic essence of man from the individual essence and by the emergence of a partial man. The development of global neoliberal capital led to the emergence of a consumer society and the formation of an economic person, representing the ultimate form of a partial man, with clear signs of a dehumanized essence, manifested in the mental characteristics and cognitive abilities of such social individuals. In this perspective, the paper analyzes the features of the ruling elite of the «collective West» and the existing risks of the civilization’s fall into a new barbarism. The article examines the anthropological consequences of the reforms of the 1990s in Russia, which led to the formation of a new type of social individual in the country, Homo economicus. It is shown that the reforms were a professionally implemented social engineering project to restructure the national historical and cultural code of Russians, fraught with the threat of an anthropological catastrophe on a national scale. The article substantiates the idea that our country is at a turning point in its history, caused, on the one hand, by the hybrid war of the collective West and, on the other, by dangerous crisis trends in society that weaken our ability to defend state sovereignty. In conclusion, the paper shows tasks facing the philosophical community of Russia and the ways to solve them in order to bring the country out of the current crisis.