Острое повреждение почек у детей после кардиохирургических вмешательств

Острое повреждение почек у детей после кардиохирургических вмешательств

Автор: Сергеев С.А., Ломиворотов Владимир Владимирович

Журнал: Патология кровообращения и кардиохирургия @journal-meshalkin

Рубрика: Обзоры

Статья в выпуске: 4 т.25, 2021 года.

Бесплатный доступ

Острое повреждение почек после кардиохирургических вмешательств у детей широко распространено. Применяемые в клинической практике подходы помогли уточнить эпидемиологию, факторы риска и патофизиологию этого состояния. Современные шкалы pRIFLE, AKIN и KDIGO, основанные на изменении уровня сывороточного креатинина и темпа диуреза, позволяют выявлять и ранжировать острое повреждение почек по степени тяжести. Однако стратегии диагностики вышли за рамки одного лишь креатинина и предлагают использовать маркеры повреждения почечной ткани. В настоящее время два из них: липокалин, ассоциированный с желатиназой нейтрофилов, а также тканевой ингибитор металлопротеиназы-2 и белок, связывающий инсулиноподобный фактор роста-7, - могут быть использованы для ранней диагностики. Предикторами острого повреждения почек после кардиохирургических вмешательств являются ренальные и внепочечные факторы риска, наиболее весомые из которых - ранний детский возраст, длительность искусственного кровообращения, необходимость в искусственной вентиляции легких и инотропной поддержке до оперативного вмешательства. Поддержание должного перфузионного давления во время искусственного кровообращения, а также исключение нефротоксичных препаратов и перегрузки жидкостью снижают риск патологии. Ультрафильтрация и раннее начало заместительной почечной терапии в послеоперационном периоде значимо повышают выживаемость. Для поиска и отбора литературных источников использовали базы данных PubMed, Scopus и Web of Science. Цель обзора - анализ имеющихся в литературе данных по острому повреждению почек в детской кардиохирургии. Результаты демонстрируют различия в частоте выявления острого повреждения почек, связанного с кардиохирургическими вмешательствами, и эффективности методов профилактики и лечения данного осложнения. Дальнейшее всестороннее изучение вопроса, создание медицинских электронных баз данных о пациентах, минимизация влияния факторов риска, своевременное предупреждение и лечение осложнений позволят предотвратить патологию и снизить вероятность прогрессирования в более тяжелую стадию.

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Врожденный порок сердца, искусственное кровообращение, острое повреждение почек

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/142230803

IDR: 142230803   |   DOI: 10.21688/1681-3472-2021-4-11-22

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