The response of in vitro cultured cells of Linum grandiflorum Desf. on the action of pollutant and herbicide

Scholarly papers on in vitro culture of large-flowered flax ( Linum grandiflorum Desf.), an ornamental crop for urban gardening, are very few and mainly elaborate morphogenesis, embryo culture, and cell line resistance issues. Heavy metals and herbicides are typical urban pollutants which cause oxidative stress. Our study for the first time reveals differences in morphophysiological characteristics and biosynthesis of phenolic compounds between in vitro cultured flaxseed cells influenced by Cd and herbicide glyphosate. With the aim to specify the mechanisms involved in stress tolerance of L. grandiflorum we have estimated the accumulation of antioxidants of phenolic nature, including phenylpropanoids and flavonoid in the callus culture. When studying the effect of stress factors, cadmium (60 μM), glyphosate (10 μM) or cadmium and glyphosate simultaneously (in the same concentrations) were added to the nutrient medium. Control was the standard nutrient medium. Callus cultures were analyzed at the end of the passage (day 28 of culture)...