A ceremonial saddle from altynkazgan, Mangyshlak peninsula, Kazakhstan

An unusual saddle found in a stone enclosure at Altynkazgan on the Mangyshlak Peninsula, Kazakhstan, is described. Its parts include silver plaques with figures of animals and birds, and small details of garniture. The figures were punched from inside, apparently on a template made from wooden planks, and their details were modeled with a special tool. Based on parallels from the Volga drainage, Ural, and Northern Caucasus, aXiongnu-type saddle manufactured no later than the 5th century AD is reconstructed. A semantic and cultural interpretation ofzoomorphic images is suggested. Though they have no exact parallels, their style is typical of golden ornaments of the Xiongnu Age. The Altynkazgan find demonstrates that high-quality saddles were manufactured already during the Xiongnu epoch, being prototypical to those made by Old Turks.