Constitutional transformations paradoxes and the political process in Belarus and Uzbekistan: do formal institutions matter?

Introduction: referendums on amendments to the constitution held in 2022- 2023 in Belarus and Uzbekistan raised a number of issues relating to public authorities organization and functioning. This brings about a research problem of the factors and reasons under development and implementation of these changes as well as the amendments impact on political process in the respective states (in particular, on the transformation of presidency and party systems).