Adaptability parameters of new winter soft wheat varieties in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic

The objective of the study is to identify varieties of winter soft wheat adapted for cultivation in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic. Competitive variety testing was carried out in the experimental crop rotation of the Udmurt Research Institute of Agriculture, a structural subdivision of the Udmurt RC of the Ural Branch of the RAS, in 2021–2024. The object of research was nine varieties of soft winter wheat bred by the Udmurt RC of the Ural Branch of the RAS and the Volzhskaya K (standard) and Moskovskaya 39 varieties. Field experiments were carried out on sodpodzolic medium loamy soil with a pH ranging from slightly acidic to neutral, with a low humus content, a very high content of available phosphorus, and a medium and very high content of exchangeable potassium. In the studied years, meteorological conditions varied in terms of autumn and springsummer vegetation conditions and wintering conditions. In the competitive variety testing of 2022–2024, high average yield (6.48 t/ha) was noted for the 23.12/23 (Udmurt Dunne) variety, the increase to the Volzhskaya K standard was 1.36 t/ha. The Udmurt Dunne variety also showed high general adaptive capacity (OACi = 1.26 t/ha), significantly exceeding this indicator of the Volzhskaya K standard. The varieties A332/2, Volzhskaya K, Udmurt Dunne, 26.12/6, Cheberina, Moskovskaya 39, Lyubava were responsive to favorable environmental conditions. The varieties Italmas, 2.05/3 and K65040 can be classified as extensive. The variety k65040 (47.9), as well as the varieties 2.05/3, Cheberina, Italmas, Udmurt Dunne (28.7–35.9) had increased selection value (OAS taking into account stability). Limiting factors for the 2022 conditions were resistance to lodging and the spread of sclerotinia. A significant strong positive relationship between yield and the elements of ear productivity, resistance to powdery mildew, the date of the onset of the heading and wax ripeness phases was revealed under the drought conditions of 2023. In 2024, the development of snow mold had a strong negative impact on yield.