Pathological syndromes of the biliary tract decompression

Background: The increased incidence of cholelithiasis and tumoral lesions of the hepatopancreatoduodenal zone leads to an increase in the number of patients with obstructive cholestasis. Aims: To identify the spectrum of pathological conditions developing after decompression of the biliary tract in obstructive cholestasis and to develop an effective pathogenetically determined algorithm for treating patients. Methods: The results of the examination and treatment of 216 patients with obstructive cholestasis, who underwent various options for decompression of the biliary tract, were analyzed. Obstructive cholestasis of a tumor genesis was present in 112 (51.8%) patients, benign cholestasis in 104 (48.2%). The main group included 112 patients, the comparison group included 104 patients. A two-stage tactics was applied in 133 (61.6%) cases, 83 patients (38.4%) were operated in one stage. The treatment results were compared for the experimental group (n=112) in which a pathogenetically based algorithm was applied and for the control group (n=104) receiving a standard therapy. Results: Accelerated decompression syndrome developed in 31 (14.3%) cases, of those 26 in the comparison group, 5 in the main group. Disorders of the water and electrolyte balance occurred in 32 (46.4%) patients with complete external bile diversion. Digestion remodeling syndrome was present in 44 patients from 117 patients with external bile diversion. Conclusions: It has been shown that the pathogenetically based therapy after biliary decompression significantly reduces the number of complications in the postoperative period.