Peripheral populations of polytypic species and its role in the evolutionary process

Microevolutional phenomena proceeding in the peripheral populations of polytypic animal species were analyzed. It was shown that the structural and population rearrangement of species population typical for the periphery of the natural habitat and the sharp and irregular number fluctuations contribute both to the enhancement of genetic turnover and to the increase of hereditary variability. Along with more strict selection, more frequent chromosomal recombination and the enhancement of the mutation and geneticoautomatic processes it activate the evolutionary changes leading to the gain of new territories by the species, the change of an ecological niche and the formation of new populations and even species. Peripheral populations are the most important outposts of the species evolution. It is here that the major evolutionary events unfold, resulting in the adaptive morphogenesis and opening the way for further moving of species.