Perspectives of endoscopic treatment for patients with heterotopic gastric mucosa in the cervical esophagus (literature review)

In recent years, there has been growing interest in heterotopiс gastric mucosa (HGM) in the cervical esophagus. The management of patients with symptoms of laryngo-pharyngeal reflux (LPR) is unresolved issue. Methods of treatment are debatable, there are no clear strategies for HGM. Most authors report about low efficiency of conservative therapy. Radical surgical methods are historical in nature. Endoscopic methods of treatment deserve the greatest attention. The most invasive endoscopic approaches of treatment such as mucosal resection and submucosal dissection are used for neoplastic transformations of HGM in cervical esophagus. Argon plasma coagulation (APC) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) provides good results aimed at eradicating of HGM in the esophagus and clinical symptoms. Pay attention to localization of heterotopia and potential risk of esophageal stricture formation, preference should be given to the safest technique RFA. The variety of minimally invasive technologies of treatment of symptomatic patients with HGM in the esophagus requires further research to develop standardized approach of therapy.