Перспективы применения аналитического подхода для диагностики микотоксикозов животных (обзор)

Перспективы применения аналитического подхода для диагностики микотоксикозов животных (обзор)

Автор: Кононенко Г.П., Зотова Е.В.

Журнал: Сельскохозяйственная биология @agrobiology

Рубрика: Обзоры, проблемы

Статья в выпуске: 5 т.59, 2024 года.

Бесплатный доступ

Отравления животных при потреблении кормов, содержащих микотоксины, остаются важнейшей проблемой животноводства (M.M. Zaki с соавт., 2012; C. Gruber-Dorninger с соавт., 2019). В конце XX столетия и в последующие два десятилетия мировой наукой достигнут значительный прогресс в изучении механизмов действия этих природных токсикантов и получены убедительные доказательства возможности использования микотоксинов и их метаболитов как биохимических маркеров для подтверждения факта поступления в организм животных (L. Escrivá с соавт., 2017; A. Vidal с соавт., 2018). В Российской Федерации активно формируется национальная база данных по встречаемости и содержанию микотоксинов в кормах (Г.П. Кононенко с соавт., 2020), однако проблема дифференциации интоксикаций микогенной природы у животных до сих пор остается нерешенной. Рекомендованные к применению схемы диагностики, в которых предусмотрен учет эпизоотологических данных, клинической картины, патологоанатомических изменений, результатов гистологических, микотоксикологических исследований и экспериментальное воспроизведение интоксикаций (МУ, 1985, 1986), не позволяют однозначно и своевременно определять их причину. В настоящем обзоре представлена современная информация, необходимая для разработки аналитических приемов диагностики токсикозов, вызванных 4-дезоксиниваленолом (ДОН), Т-2 токсином (Т-2), зеараленоном (ЗЕН), фумонизином В1 (ФВ1) и охратоксином А (ОА). Обсуждаются основные пути их трансформации in vivo у свиней, жвачных, птицы, суммированы сведения о метаболитах в биологических жидкостях и экскретах, пригодных для прижизненной диагностики. Применение высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии в сочетании с масс-спектрометрическим детектированием позволило идентифицировать ДОН, деэпокси-ДОН и их глюкурониды в крови и моче у свиней и жвачных (H.E. Schwartz-Zimmermann с соавт., 2017), ДОН, деэпокси-ДОН и сульфат ДОН - в крови и помете птицы (I. Riahi с соавт., 2021), уточнить характер множественной метаболизации Т-2 (E. Janin с соавт., 2021) и ЗЕН (P. Llorens с соавт., 2022), а также подтвердить присутствие в свободном виде ФВ1 в фекалиях свиней (P. Dilkin с соавт., 2010) и ОА в помете птицы (S. Yang с соавт., 2015). Важным достижением последних лет стало экспериментальное доказательство корреляции между дозами ДОН и ЗЕН, поступающими с кормами, и содержанием индикаторных веществ в матрицах-мишенях у дойных коров (J. Winkler с соавт., 2014; 2015) и свиней (L. Gambacorta с соавт., 2013; S. Thanner с соавт., 2016; T. Van Limbergen с соавт., 2017). Схемы на основе хроматографического и иммуноферментного анализа уже применяются для контроля биомаркеров этих токсинов на животноводческих фермах Японии (M. Tagaki с соавт., 2011; H. Hasunuma с соавт., 2012; O.S. Widodo с соавт., 2022). К приоритетным направлениям развития аналитического подхода относятся усовершенствование и разработка альтернативных методов, уточнение условий пробоподготовки и порядка отбора проб, синтез и аттестация калибрантов, необходимых для количественных измерений, а также изучение возможности использования других биоматериалов, в частности волосяного и перьевого покрова в диагностических целях.

Еще

Дезоксиниваленол, т-2 токсин, зеараленон, фумонизин в1, охратоксин а, биомаркеры, микотоксикозы, диагностика

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/142243773

IDR: 142243773   |   DOI: 10.15389/agrobiology.2024.5.847rus

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