Prospects of application of normobaric hypoxic interval training in treatment of placental insufficiency (literature review)

Placental insufficiency represents a syndrome of multifactorial etiology caused by morphological and functional changes in placenta, leading to disturbances in growth rates and development of fetus. Fetoplacental insufficiency is the leading factor in occurrence of fetal hypoxia, arrested development of fetus, traumas during delivery, diseases and complications in postnatal period. Placental insufficiency development is accompanied by disorders in differentiation and extension placental villi. Also processes of angiogenesis are affected. As a result there is a transport, respiratory, trophic, endocrinal and protective dysfunction of placenta. In fetal organism universal adaptative reactions directed on maintenance of homeostasis arise. Application of interval hypoxic therapy is directed on «training» of fetal adaptative mechanisms to hypoxia. Good tolerance of 10% О - gas mix has been revealed. High therapeutic effect is shown by increase in functional reserves of cardio-respiratory system, normalization of acid-base balance, normalization of arterial pressure, mobilization mechanisms of regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary adrenocortical system that results in increase of general resistance of fetus to hypoxia