Phrases and their features in English

As human beings live in the earth, they utilize the words, phrases, sentences. All of them are the parts of linguistics. They are analyzed, compared in this branch. On the top of that, in this article the phrases dominate the role. In order to implement the phrase, it should be mentioned what the phrase is about.

Word formation in general linguistics it is called derivation. Derivatology is now a separate field, both lexical and syntactic derivation being studied separately. The derivation phenomenon has both diachronic (historical) and synchronous (current) methods. We are interested in the current issue of synchronous construction. Because it's a diachronic word is an object of study in the history of language. In fact, derivation is also internal to word formation (such as clean, work, clear) the emergence of new lexemes by chance (bride, specialization, studied, someone).

“Grammatically interrelated to express different relationships between concepts a combination of two or more words is called a phrase” [1]. Words that express certain concepts in a phrase are syntactically related comes in, expresses a complex concept, and becomes a different part of speech: clever boy, wide house.

It is known that phrases are made up of two independent words which depend on each other. Therefore, they differ from the sentences. It is because that a sentence consists of more than one word. On the contrary, a phrase is a connection between two or more independent words that is semantically and grammatically subordinate to one another. While a sentence, in contrast, represents a complete thought. Phrases consist of two independent words, the first word is subordinate and the second word is dominant. For example, in a school hall combination, the word hall is dominant and the word school is subordinate to it.

In terms of syntactic valence theory, the second word also has a dominant position. They have an independent nation in speech. Both the word “school” and the word “hall” given above are deemed to be independent that do not depend on each other. However, even if they are transferred to speech, both the former and the latter acquire functional activity in a dependent state. The linguist Turniyozov says that” a phrase as a compound word” [4]. In fact, a phrase and a compound word have the same meaning. They are one nation.

Many people claim that there are widely similarities in Uzbek and English linguistics. When it comes phrases in Uzbek are similar to English. In English, a phrase includes in two or more words, just like in Uzbek. In English, noun phrase (beautiful flower), adjective phrase (dramatically clever), adverb phrase, (too quickly) prepositional phrase (in the morning), verb phrase (have lunch).

Auxiliary words are part of an independent word that is connected to it:

Saxiy kishi o‘z iltifoti bilan birovga qarz yoki yordam bermaydi. A generous person does not lend or help anyone out of kindness. [task 3, page – 18,3] Out of kindness is an auxiliary word.

Noun phrase

The types of phrases are identified according to dominant word. For instance, spectacular city. The word “city” is dominant part of the phrase. It is a noun. The word “spectacular” does not play a main role. It helps to enhance the meaning of the phrase.

Endi avvalgidan battar qirg'in bo‘lishini sezgan bek va navkarlar Andijon qo‘rg‘oniga bekina boshladilar .( P.Qodirov). Now the beys and navkars, realizing that the massacre would be worse than before, began to hide in the Andijan fortress (P. Kadyrov). [task-2,3]

Kumush onasining yuragidagi o‘tni hozir sinamasdan ham his etdi. (A.Q.) [task3,3]

Kumush felt the fire of his mother's heart without even trying it now. (A.Q.)

In the first of these examples, the Andijan citadel, and in the second, the mother's heart, are used, and the affixes -in and -i are active as the operator of the syntactic derivation of these compounds. In both cases, this operator serves for the formation of a derivative by organizing the syntactic connection of derivation operands. As mentioned, the operator is currently complex in structure: -ing + -i. In this case, a dubloperator is used. Hence, it differs from simple operators in that it has a dubloperator structure. However, there is no difference between simple and duplicator operators in terms of the functions they perform. In English, it is advisable to use the apostrophe "s" for these examples: Andijan's fortress, mother's heart.

Adjective phrase

Adverb phrase

In this phrase the dominant word is expressed with adverb. Basically, in English adverb + adverb formation is more utilized rather than other types of independent words. A good example of this is “too slowly”. In this phrase adverb increases the meaning of adverb. In terms of derivational view, the operant and operator words are typically based on the same independent words.

Verb phrase

In this mode of phrases, the dominant word should be belong to verb. For example, take an apple, the word “take” is deemed to be dominant, as well as, operant. The latter word connected the main word.

• l.    Kitobxon bilan har qanday uchrashuv yozuvchining mas’uliyat hissini oshiradi. (As. M.). l Any meeting with the reader is the responsibility of the writer increases the feeling. (As. M.). [task-3, page-9,3]

“Increase the feeling” is considered to be verb phrase since the dominant word is expressed with verb. The syntactical connection of the phrase is common in derivational branch. The phrase serves an independent part in the whole sentences.

In conclusion, last surveys revealed that the phrases should be connected with the whole sentences. Moreover, the derivational meaning mainly expressed in logically and grammatically perception.