Polymorphisms of hemostasis and folate cycle genes as predictors of COVID-19 severity

Objective: to reveal the frequency of hemostasis and folate cycle gene polymorphisms in stable coronary heart disease (CHD) patients based on the severity of COVID-19 during the acute phase. Material and methods. During the study, 416 patients with stable CHD who had previously experienced COVID-19 with documented severity were examined for hemostasis and folate cycle gene polymorphisms. The severity of COVID-19 was used to categorize patients into two groups: the first group included patients with mild cases (n=203), while the second group comprised patients with moderate severity (n=213). The evaluation included the following genetic variants: 20210 G>A of the F2 gene, 1691 G>A of the F5 gene, 807 C>T of the ITGA2 gene, 10976 G>A of the F7 gene, 1298 A>C of the MTHFR gene, 66 A>G of the MTRR gene, 2756 A>G of the MTR gene, 677 C>T of the MTHFR gene, 455 G>A of the FGB gene, 103 G>T of the F13A1 gene, 675 5G>4G of the SERPINE1 (PAI-1) gene, and 1565 T>C of the ITGB3 gene. These polymorphisms likely contribute to a more severe course of COVID-19 in patients with CHD. Results. The presence of the heterozygous FGB: 455 G>A polymorphism and the ITGB3: 1565 T>C CC genotype may contribute to more severe COVID-19 progression in patients with CНD. Conversely, the CC genotype of the 807 C>T polymorphism of the ITGA2 gene was associated with protection against more severe forms of the disease in the analyzed sample. Conclusion. Polymorphisms 455 G>A of the FGB gene and 1565 T>C of the ITGB3 gene can be considered potential markers for detecting and predicting a more severe course of COVID-19 in patients with CHD.