Gender characteristics of the relationship between body mass index and basic strength exercises of adolescent schoolchildren

Relevance. In the process of physical training of schoolchildren, when choosing means and standardizing the volume and intensity of the load, it is extremely important for the teacher to take into account that boys and girls experience uneven maturation of growth of all organs and systems of the body, especially during puberty. It is known that there is a close relationship between the indicators of changes in physical development and physical qualities. However, in the practical activities of physical education teachers, gender differences in these relationships between the body mass index and the strength capabilities of adolescents are not always taken into account. Purpose of the study. To identify gender features of the relationship between body mass index indicators and basic strength exercises for girls and boys aged 13 and 14 years. Research methods. The study used the methods of mathematical statistics: arithmetic mean – (M), error of the mean – (t), Pearson coefficient – (r), reliability at p = 0.05-0.001. The pedagogical experiment, which took place over the course of one academic year, involved two groups of schoolchildren aged 13 and 14 of both sexes: 12 people in each age and sex group. The pedagogical experiment consisted of using free weights aimed at developing basic muscles during a training session. The volume of the training load was 8-14 weight lifts in one approach with 3-4 approaches during the training. Research results. The results of the study showed that a reliable degree of relationship was found in 13-year-old girls only between the body mass index (BMI) and the back squat (p<0.05), in boys of the same age between BMI and the barbell curl, as well as the back squat (p<0.05), respectively, in 14-year-old girls a reliable relationship was found between BMI and the back squat (p<0.05), in 14-year-old boys between BMI and the bench press, biceps curl and squat (p<0.05). Conclusion. The obtained results give grounds to make the following conclusion: in girls aged 13 and 14, unlike boys of the same age, a close relationship is manifested only between BMI and age-related characteristics in the development of leg extensor muscle strength (squat). In boys, respectively, at 13 years old – the strength of the arm flexor muscles (bicep curl) and leg muscles (squat), and at 14 years old – the strength of the arm extensor muscles (bench press), arm flexors (bicep curl) and leg muscles (squat), which indicates their qualitative interdependent development of physical condition indicators.