Population-genetic characteristics in managing breeding process of a herd at APC Prisukhonskoye in the Vologda oblast

The article defines the genetic potential, the degree of its implementation, the influence of separate categories of breeding animals when managing the selection process; the authors study the state of the allele pool for EAB-locus of the black-and-white cattle breed in the agricultural production cooperative Prisukhonskoye in the Vologda Oblast. Phenotypic changes in herd productivity over the past 10 years have been evaluated. The results show thatthe average herd yield increased by 48.1%, for the period of 2015-2016 - by 577 kg. Live weight of cows increased by 36 kg (6.7%), fat content - by 89.4 kg (32.9%). Genetic (limits of the classifier 0.26...0.59) and phenotypic (lim. 16...25%) variability of productive traits in the herd are at an average level. The share effect of the bulls that are the cows’ fathers was established at the level of 75.2% through using the methods of population statistics; due to the management of the breeding nucleus, the increase in the genetic potential of the herd amounted to 27.5%. For 10 years, 65-70% of cows and heifers in the herd were inseminated with the sperm of seed bulls. As a result, the genetic potential for milk yield reached+618.4 kg, the degree of its implementation in the herd was 69.7%. The analysis of the allele pool for EAB-locus was carried out on 2,678 head of the black-and-white cattle breed. Seventy-one alleles were detected for EAB-locus in the system. It has been established for the first time that the following alleles have relatively high concentration: G₂Y₂E'₃Q' (0.1583271),B₂O₂B' (0.0601195), D'E'₃F'₂G'O' (0.0604929), I₁ (0.0578790), B₂I₁G'G"₂ (0.0511576), B₂I₂(0.0500373), G₂A'₂Q' (0.0489171), G" (0.0418223). The alleles of the main pool were inherited by animals of the herd from the following bulls: Perets 31, Royal’ 678, Bertin 587, Interes 34, Klad 3124, Reglan 1450, Bayan 1104, Del’tar 1952, Fakir 1247, Lavr 976. The combination ofalleles I₁/B₂O₄Y₂A'₂I'P'Q', A'₂D'G'O'/I₁, I₁/G₂Y₂E'₃Q', I₁/B₂O₄B', G₂Y₂E'₃Q'/B₂I₂, D'E'3G'O'/ O₁A₂', D'E'₃F'₂G'O'/B₂I₂, B₂I₂G'G"/G₂Y₂E"₃Q', G₂A'₂Q'/B₂Y₂A'₂E'₃G'P'₂Q'G", G₂A'₂Q'/I',I₁/D'E'₃F'G'O', G₂A'₂Q'/G₂Y₂E'₃Q', B₂I₂G'G"/D'E₃'F'G'O' must be taken into account in the selection of heifers and seed bulls in the herd. The frequency of occurrence of individual alleles (Y₂E'₃G'G"; A'₂; A'₂O'; B₂G₂O₁Y₂D'; B₂Y₂E'₃G'P'₂Q'G"; O₂D" and others) in the general gene pool is 0.010082. The presented material should be used to control, preserve and increase the genetic diversity of black-and-white cattle. Continuous monitoring study of selection and genetic changes in the herd is an urgent problem when improving the genetic methods of managing the selection process and preserving genetic resources.