The sowing qualities of seeds of the different reproductions of sunflower varieties

The researches were conducted at FGBNU VNIIMK, Krasnodar region. A purpose of the work was to study the quality of sunflower seeds of the different reproductions of following varieties: Buzuluk, R-453, SUR, SPK, Lakomka, and Oreshek. There were used original (breeder) seeds from reproductive plots, foundation seeds (super-elite), elite and certified seeds produced in the central zone of the Krasnodar region in 2012 and 2014. Oil content of seeds was determined by means of a nuclear-magnetic resonance on a NMR-analyzer AMV-1006M by the State Standard R 8.620-2006, 1000 seeds weight - by the State Standard 12042-80, fatty-acid composition of oil was analyzed by a method of gas-liquid chromatography on an instrument Chromatek-Kristall 5000. During the reproduction from foundation to certified seeds there were noted the differences in sowing qualities of oil and confectionary sunflower varieties. The oil content of seeds of oil sunflower varieties Buzuluk, R-453 and SUR was kept almost at the same level, while the oil content in seeds of the confectionary varieties SPK, Lakomka and Oreshek increased significantly. The fatty-acid composition of oil in oil varieties during multiplication of seeds was differed with a large variability (increase of linoleic acid content and decrease of oleic acid content). On the other hand, the confectionary varieties were stable on such trait as content of the main fatty acids during all the stages of seeds multiplication. The sharpest changes of indicators of 1000 seeds weight in both types of sunflower varieties and of oil content in confectionary varieties occurred at the reproduction stage to elite and certified seeds.