Nitrogen consumption and protein collection in rotational crops under the influence of mineral and organic fertilizer systems

The objects of the research are agricultural crops of field rotation, mineral and organic fertilizer systems. The studies on the chemical composition and the quality of crops in the North-West of Russia on the soddy podzolic light loamy soil without fertilizers, when using the mineral system and organic fertilization systems of crops in doses equivalent to 30 tons of semi-transformed manure per hectare, were carried out. It has been revealed that on winter rye the options with mineral fertilizers added in a dose equivalent to 30 and 40 tons of manure per hectare provided the grain increase of 1.2 t/ha or 44% in relation to the control. The aftereffect of manure had an advantage over the rest of the organic fertilizers, increasing the green mass yield of the clover-timothy mixture by 34%. The highest oat yield was 2.8 t/ha in the option with mineral fertilizers application, which is due to the specific character of food elements consumption by cereals. The best barley yield of 1.7 t/ha was obtained by applying mineral fertilizers in the amount equivalent to 30 and 40 t/ha manure. The average annual productivity of crop rotation increased by 25-27% with the use of fertilizers. The largest «raw» protein collection was obtained by cultivating perennial herbs. This is due, firstly, to the high initial protein content of the clover and timothy mixture and its rather high yield. When comparing the options, the largest protein collection was received on the one with fertilizers and was almost identical, and compared to the control option the protein collection increased by 28-38%. On grain crops, the largest protein collection was obtained in winter rye and the smallest - in barley. Protein collection also depended on fertilizer action. Thus, in the option with mineral fertilizers in the year of operation the protein collection was maximum and 1.7-2.3 times exceeded the control variant. The correlation dependence calculation showed a significant dependence between mineral nitrogen content in soil and raw protein content in winter rye grain, r = 0.94 ± 0.12. A link has been established between the nitrogen content in the soil and the ‘raw' protein content in the plant products. The results can be used to predict changes in the chemical composition and properties of crops, as well as to develop a set of measures to increase soil fertility and improve the quality of plant products.