Legal basis for control over the activities of the state atomic energy corporation “Rosatom”

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal and organizational foundations of the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom’s oversight system. The objective of the study is to identify the functional characteristics of a multi-tiered oversight model that combines external and internal control mechanisms, as well as to identify areas for its improvement in the context of the nuclear industry’s transformation. The methodological framework comprises comparative legal, systemicstructural, and institutional analysis methods. The empirical basis is provided by regulatory legal acts, oversight practices from 2020 to 2025, and audit materials from state oversight bodies. The external oversight framework is represented by the powers and forms of inspections by the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Finance, the Federal Antimonopoly Service, Rostekhnadzor, and the prosecutor’s office. The internal level is formed by the internal audit system, compliance mechanisms, and mandatory reporting, ensuring compliance with corporate standards and state regulations. It was established that the regulatory framework for control is formed by a hierarchical system of acts: Federal Laws No. 317-FZ “On the State Corporation Rosatom” and № 170-FZ “On the Use of Atomic Energy,” provisions of the Budget Code, bylaws, and internal orders of the corporation, including reporting forms for the accounting of radioactive substances, waste, and nuclear materials approved in 2020.Identified problems: fragmentation of the regulatory framework, duplication of control functions of various bodies, technical complexity of procedures for accounting for specific nuclear industry facilities. Proposed solutions: unification of local acts with federal requirements, implementation of a risk-based approach to control, optimization of interactions between internal and external control bodies. The scientific novelty lies in the systematic typology of state corporation control mechanisms and the development of conceptual approaches to their integration. The practical significance lies in the potential use of the results to improve the legal regulation of state corporations in strategic sectors of the economy.