Proposals to improve the dairy cattle feeding wellness to increase milk production in the Republic of Khakassia

The purpose of research is to study the quality and nutritional value of voluminous feed and give suggestions for improving the nutritional value of dairy cattle in order to increase milk production in Khakassia. The paper presents the results of analyzes of the quality and nutritional value of vegetable feed harvested in 2018-2020 in the farms of the Republic of Khakassia. The volumes of forage harvesting for the analyzed period increased, but for a full zootechnical analysis, only 28.1 % of hay, 35.4 % of haylage and 21.6 % of silage were studied from the harvested hay. The share of forages of I-II quality class on average for three years for hay is 18.8 %; haylage - 34.8; silage - 19.4 %, non-class feed - 51.3; 27.0 and 51.3 % respectively. The concentration of metabolic energy and digestible protein in 1 kg of hay dry matter was 9.49 MJ and 85.6 g; haylage - 8.74 and 108.2; silage - 10.28 and 108.3, respectively. The sugar-protein ratio and the ratio of calcium to phosphorus in hay are 0.70 and 2.81; in haylage - 0.13 and 2.53 and in silage 0.08 and 2.20, respectively. It is recommended to improve the quality and nutritional value of the prepared fodder, to balance the diets for the missing elements in accordance with the detailed feeding norms. Balancing the diets of cows by adding beet molasses, rapeseed cake, brewer's grains and BVMK provides 9.2-9.9 MJ of metabolic energy per 1 kg of dry matter, 89-115 g of digestible protein per 1 feed units, normalizes the sugar-protein ratio and the ratio of calcium to phosphorus. The use of pre-starter and starter compound feeds in the diets of calves provides an average daily gain in the milk period of 828-890 g, in the post-milk period - 703-727 g.