The subject of psychology of thinking in the trans-perspective of psychological cognition formation

Statement of the problem. The article analyzes the subject concepts of thinking that have developed within the framework of various psychological approaches, as well as methodological attitudes and means of analysis that determined the conceptual boundaries of the subject field of psychology of thinking. The review and theoretical analysis emphasize the problem of inertial adherence to the tradition of building a psychology of thinking outside the framework of the life ontology of a thinking person and the problem of preserving formal-logical, situationaltemporal, hypostatic and neo-mechanistic concepts when describing thinking processes (thinking as a reactive flow of thoughts, as an associative synthesis, as mental activity regulated by means of formal logic, etc.). The purpose of the article is to show how, as the internal logic of the development of psychological cognition unfolds and professional psychological thinking becomes more complex, these cognitive attitudes lose their former relevance and explanatory potential; how the context for considering thinking is expanded - from an artificially given experimental situation to the multidimensional world of man (mental space), from mental activity to self-realization and self-organization of a person in thinking. These trends correspond to the research trends emerging in post-non-classical psychology. The research methodology consists of the conceptual apparatus of systemic anthropological psychology and the key methodological tool of post-non-classics - trans-perspective analysis. On the one hand, it allows us to reconstruct the formation and transformation of the subject area of the psychology of thinking as the internal logic of the development of psychological cognition unfolds and the epistemological attitudes of researchers become more complex. On the other hand, it opens the way for studying the phenomenon of “continuous thinking” (existential dynamics of thinking) and contributes to the expansion of research from the subject-situational plane of thinking (which is most often taken into account in a laboratory experiment) to the spatio-temporal organization of thinking (chronotope, where mental space and existential space of a person converge). Research results. In the process of reconstruction and critical comprehension of the basic conceptual ideas about the essence, nature and structure of the mental act that have developed within the framework of various approaches, the necessity of strengthening the anthropological discourse and shifting the research focus is justified: from the operational-dynamic and individual-typological parameters of the thought process to the value-semantic parameters of thinking and, further, to the existential foundations of self-institutionalization and the authentication of a person in the perspective of his/her own thinking; from the operator of thought processes (a depersonalized problem solver) to the subject of mental activity carried out in a cultural context and further - to a person who thinks in the context of the entire history of his/her mental relations with the world and with himself/herself, which is formed in a substantive-phenomenological sense into a cognitive identity.