Analysis of prerequisites for the formation of the childhood phenomenon in the pedagogical thought of the late XIX - beginning of the XX century

This paper analyzes the understanding of the phenomenon of "childhood" by teachers, philosophers and psychologists in Russia and the world at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. This analysis showed that this period in the development of pedagogical thought is distinguished by a turn towards a humanistic attitude towards the child, his teaching and education. Many well-known teachers of that time talk about the “non-interference” of parents and mentors in the world of the child's childhood, about the need for the comprehensive development of the child, taking into account his desires and needs. At the end of the work, the authors formulate the main prerequisites that influenced the formation and development of the phenomenon of "childhood" in the late 19th - early 20th centuries.