Prescription of the physical activity for prevention and treatment of diseases

It has long been shown that understanding of the impact of physical activity and exercise on the prevention and treatment of a large number of diseases is of great importance. Scientific evidence confirms that prescribing of individually programmed physical activity by a professional person is of great importance in the therapy of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, heart and lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure followed by intermittent claudication, muscle problems, bone and joints (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, osteoporosis, chronic fatigue syndrome), as well as in the treatment of asthma, cancer, depression, and many mental diseases. For each of these diseases there is proven positive effect of exercise. Also, there is scientific proof of impact of exercise for prevention, improvement of the prognosis of disease, its favorable outcome and influence on quality of life. In order to achieve preventive and therapeutic effect of exercise, we must define the type and amount (volume and intensity), assess possible contraindications, especially when it comes to high-intensity exercise in elderly population and certain diseases (eg. cardiovascular disease). We present overview of guidelines concerning use of adequate intensity, type and duration of exercise in most frequent diseases (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, musculoskeletal system diseases).