The application of game theory to make optimal decisions taking into account the various interactions of the railway system

In this article, game theory is used to characterize optimal decision-making in problems where there are two or more decision makers. The elements of the game are the players (decision makers who participate in the game), their choice of solutions and their target functions, which depend on the outcome of the interactions taking place. Alternatively, in sequential timing games, players choose their actions in a predetermined order. These two situations are called Nash games and Stackelberg games, which are considered in this article as an example. In this article, we have focused on the basic concepts of game theory and illustrated their application with a simple example involving three players and four decision-making variables.