Perioperative prognosis of infectious complications after total hip and knee arthroplasties. Part II (literature review)

Introduction Risk factors in the perioperative period are important for reduction of the infection rate following total hip and knee arthroplasty. The objective of the review was to systematize information on potentially modifiable risk factors for infectious complications following total hip and knee arthroplasty and the possibilities to control them. Material and methods For a comprehensive search, PubMed, eLIBRARY, Scopus, Dimensions were used. The search depth was 30 years. Results The review reports potentially modifiable risk factors and the possibility to control them in the perioperative period. Patients undergoing total joint replacements often suffer comorbid conditions that must be addressed preoperatively and postoperatively. Comorbidities can be associated with such joint pathologies as oligo-, polyosteoarthrosis, arthroplasty of other joints, septic arthritis or with a history of periprosthetic joint infection. Somatic disorders can be associated with abnormal laboratory findings. All these risk factors cannot be eliminated completely and are detrimental for hip and knee arthroplasty. Discussion The current level of information on the risks of infectious complications following total hip and knee arthroplasty may be insufficient to reduce the spread of an infectious agent. There is controversy regarding some predictors of surgical site infection and periprosthetic joint infection. There may be equivocal cause-effect relationships between the patient's potentially unfavorable features and the adverse outcome, which requires further in-depth study of this problem.