Productivity of soybean varieties depending on agrotechnical techniques

The purpose of research is to study agricultural practices that contribute to the growth of yields, to improve the quality of grain and the technology of cultivation of promising soybean varieties in the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania. Objectives: to establish the optimal sowing dates for promising soybean varieties of different early maturity, to study the effect of sowing methods and rates on the productivity of soybean varieties. The influence of seeding rates and sowing methods on the growth, development and features of the production process of promising soybean varieties in North Ossetia - Alania was studied. Optimal seeding rates and sowing methods have been established that can ensure optimal growth, development and high productivity of plants. The studies were carried out in the period 2019-2021, in the foothill zone of the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania, characterized as a forest-steppe with unstable moisture. The soils are represented by leached chernozems, the topsoil contains from 3.0 to 4.4 % of humus. The object of the study were soybean varieties: Lira - very early, Irbis - early, Inej - mid-early, Vilana -mid-season, Vita - very early, Slaviya - mid-season, Iriston - mid-season. Field germination of seeds decreased with an increase in the seeding rate - from 83.6 to 87.9 %. The highest safety of plants for harvesting was established at a seeding rate of 500 thousand/ha (94.2 %), and the lowest (82.1 %) at 800 thousand/ha. The highest seed productivity of soybean plants was established at a seeding rate of 500 thousand/ha - 4.5 g. Early maturing varieties responded better to wide-row crops (45 cm). Good results were shown by the continuous method of sowing. On average, over 3 years, the yield of wide-row sowing was 0.18 t/ha higher than that of ordinary sowing. The protein content changed slightly depending on the sowing method, its greater amount was noted on wide-row crops.