Professionally determined changes in the lower limbs in ballet dancers: deformation factors (review)

Objective: to determine the main factors determining the occurrence of professional deformities of the lower extremities in ballet dancers based on the analysis of literature data. The analysis of 33 scientific publications presented in the databases and web resources of MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Cyberleninka, the electronic library eLibrary and published in the period from 2011 to 2020 was carried out. The most frequent professional deformities of the lower extremities in ballet dancers are valgus deformity of the foot, talus partitus, hypertrophy of the posterolateral process of the talus bone (formation of the Steida process), flattening of the butt joints and excessive acetabular retroversion. Based on the analysis of studies, the order of occurrence of professional changes in the lower extremities of ballet dancers (foot - ankle joint - hip joint - knee joint) was determined. The systematization of the factors that cause the professional deformity of the lower extremities, and the association into groups based on their genesis (exo- and endogenous) is carried out. The nature of the influence of a number of exo- and endogenous factors on the features of the development of pathological morpho-functional changes of the lower extremities in ballet dancers is determined