Risk factors profile for myocardial infarction: focus at a young age

The paper focuses on examining peculiarities of risk factors causing cardiac infarction at a young age. Although cardiac infarction primarily occurs among patients older than 45, its frequency at a young age has been growing recently. Risk factors that cause cardiac infarction at a young and old age are quite different. Examining risk factors profiles in different age groups provides wider opportunities for implementing primary and secondary prevention strategies aimed at reducing frequency and negative outcomes of ischemic heart disease. 108 patients aged from 18 to 45 and 35 patients aged from 60 to 75 took part in the research; they all had confirmed cardiac infarction with or without rise in ST segment and were treated in a regional center for cardiovascular pathology treatment in a period from January 01, 2017 to January 01, 2019. Basic risk factors of cardiac infarction were assessed when a patient was admitted to a clinic for treatment. The research results indicate high prevalence of risk factors that could cause ischemic heart disease among young patients. 92.2 % young patients have dyslipidemia, 70.2 % smoke, 68.5 have low physical activity, 68.2 % suffer from overweight and obesity, 58.8 % have arterial hypertension, 7.4 % suffer from type II pancreatic diabetes, and disorders in tolerance to carbohydrates was reveled in 15.7 % cases. Such factors as male sex (85.2 vs. 37.1 %, р=0,000), smoking (70.2 vs. 20.6 %, р=0.000) and burdened heredity as per early ischemic heart disease occurrence (54.6 vs. 16.0 %, р=0.001) were significantly more frequent among young patients than among older ones. Data obtained via the present research allowed creating risk factors profile for cardiac infarction associated with cardiac infarction occurrence at a young age; this profile included such factors as male sex, early ischemic heart disease occurrence in family history, and smoking