Psychophysiological features of the body adaptation of 17-19 year-old football players to various training effects

Currently, the assessment of the load capacity of certain physical influences is conducted, as a rule, based on the data of the dynamics of the heart rate during a given period of time. However, such an assessment does not give a complete picture of the degree of involvement in adaptation of various functional systems of the body, including the autonomic nervous system, with the help of which you can assess the inclusion of various levels of regulation. The use of modern techniques makes it possible to assess rather a wide range of physiological criteria of adaptation of the body of athletes to tense muscular activity in order to optimize the selection of load components of training means of different directions. The aim of this study was the determination of the degree of loads of physical influences of various nature on the body of 17-19 year-old football players. To achieve this goal one of the assessment parameters for the current functional state, which is an integral indicator of the functioning of various body systems, has been used. The determination of the so-called psychophysiological cost of adaptation to stress has been conducted с using the hardware and software complex «Research bio-mouse» based on the method of analysis of heart rate variability, including an integral assessment of the following indicators: heart rate, RR interval, variation range, standard deviation, dispersion, variation coefficient, mode, mode amplitude, etc. The methodological basis for the experiment was the block construction of training cycles, widely used in the practice of modern sports, which is based on the differentiation of training influences according to the intensity and nature of the effects on the body of athletes. It was assumed that such a differentiation within the microcycle of trainings of 17-19 year-old football players will make it possible to conduct a targeted control over the loading degree of certain physical influences and, by this, will expand the possibilities of rational planning and selection of load components for strength, running and play exercises. The research results led to the conclusion that the strength training loads had the greatest impact on the functional state of the body of young football players. Loads connected with the manifestation of different types of endurance, were, on average, less pronounced for the body, however, the adaptation to them among young football players had a multidirectional character, which was reflected in the standard deviation. A large adaptive variability of the body was noted especially when using strength and running exercises.