Психологические особенности детей с синдромом дефицита внимания и гиперактивности как причина их стигматизации и виктимизации в обществе

Психологические особенности детей с синдромом дефицита внимания и гиперактивности как причина их стигматизации и виктимизации в обществе

Автор: Ахметова З.А.

Журнал: Бюллетень науки и практики @bulletennauki

Рубрика: Педагогические науки

Статья в выпуске: 8 т.10, 2024 года.

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Психологические особенности детей с синдромом дефицита внимания и гиперактивности (СДВГ) являются существенным барьером для их адаптации в обществе и реализации своего личностного потенциала. Имеется дефицит обзоров литературы по данной теме с учетом исследований за последние несколько лет. Основу для материала обзора литературы составил 51 иностранный источник, из которых 100% составили источники за последние четыре года с 2020 по 2024 годы, причем 21 (41%) источник за 2024 год. При написании обзора литературы были использованы методы сравнительного анализа и синтеза. В современной литературе указывается на наличие комплекса психологических особенностей у детей с СДВГ, в основе которого лежат нарушения в когнитивной, эмоционально-волевой и поведенческой сферах. В когнитивной сфере детей с СДВГ имеются нарушения пространственных способностей, снижение рабочей памяти, дефицит внимания и скорости обработки информации, являющиеся причиной у более половины детей с СДВГ специфических нарушений в обучении. Наиболее распространенными нарушениями в эмоциональной сфере у детей с СДВГ являются анормальные симптомы тревоги, стресса, сниженного настроения, мотивации, депрессии. Часто встречающимися проявлениями СДВГ в поведенческой сфере являются импульсивность, раздражительность, суицидальное поведение и намеренные попытки членовредительств не суицидального характера. Все эти когнитивные, эмоциональные и поведенческие особенности детей с СДВГ могут выступать в роли предикторов внешней стигматизации, наиболее часто выражаемой школьной травлей (виктимизацией), а также внутренней стигматизации (заниженной самооценки). В качестве основных современных нефармакологических средств коррекции проявлений СДВГ приводятся верховая езда, музыкальная терапия, групповая психодрама, обучение фокусным трюкам и др.

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Синдром дефицита внимания и гиперактивности, стигматизация, виктимизация, когнитивная сфера, эмоционально-волевая сфера, поведенческая сфера

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/14131040

IDR: 14131040   |   DOI: 10.33619/2414-2948/105/47

Список литературы Психологические особенности детей с синдромом дефицита внимания и гиперактивности как причина их стигматизации и виктимизации в обществе

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