Psychological and legal dynamics of the structure and functions of guilt in the process of solving the post-penitentiary problem of the Russian society

Introduction. The psychological and legal phenomenon of "guilt" in the context of the problem of reforming the institute of probation is under examination. In connection with the solution of the "post-penitentiary problem" of adaptation and resocialization of those who are serving or have already served a criminal sentence, it is necessary to take measures to prevent offenses committed by these persons. The aim is to reveal the psychological and legal essence of the phenomenon of "guilt" in the context of the problem of reforming the institute of probation. Results and Discussion. A new conceptual change is consideration of the structure and functions of guilt as a fundamental value in the design of a new identity of persons who are serving or have already served a criminal sentence. The article includes a theoretical review of literature and analysis of normative legal documents, domestic and foreign experience, reflections of classical authors on the problem of guilt. The results of the research on moral values of personality, the concepts of shame, guilt and conscience in the works of domestic and foreign authors are analyzed. Under examination are psychodynamic aspects of guilt. The authors set the problem of insufficient quantity and quality of studies on guilt, complete absence of methodological tools for studying guilt in legal psychology. Forensic psychological examination continues to dominate as the main method of studying guilt.