Ways of development of prеpositional and postpositional constructions as a means of expressing space categories in a language

This article examines and summarizes some scientific approaches to the study of the means of expressing the categories of space; a summary of the results of the comparative analysis of these funds is offered. The main emphasis is on the semantic content of prepositions and postpositions in Russian and English. Each individual preposition and postposition are characterized by a certain lexical meaning. Spatial prepositions and postpositions, along with temporal ones in terms of volume, are the most numerous in the English and Russian languages, this is consistent with the provisions on the categories of space and time. In recent decades, linguists have been actively exploring the importance of language in the process of cognition, studying it in the field of gaining knowledge about the external world. And here linguistic semantics acts as the main means of realizing the cognition process. The study of linguistic semantics provides the formation of elements of conceptual systems that are continuously expressed in the thinking and speech functioning of a person, which is a mechanism of cognition.