Difference of biomechanical characteristics in the performance of the long jump athletes different qualifications

Relevance Research in the long jump, as a rule, was conducted within the framework of separate competitions, only in one of the phases of the jump - a run-up or a push-off. The standardization of data acquisition conditions allows you to compare the indicators taken at different competitions at different times and from athletes of different qualifications, and in two key parts of the jump at once. The results obtained allow us to analyze in more detail and determine the differences in the jumping technique of groups of athletes of different qualifications and find the reasons why certain athletes achieve higher final competitive success. The purpose of this study was to establish the differences in the biomechanical characteristics of the last steps of the run-up and repulsion in the long jump of athletes of various qualifications at two competitions - international and regional level. Methods of research organization. To conduct the study, data were taken from the report of the scientific group that measured the parameters of the long jump at the World Indoor Athletics Championship in Birmingham on March 1-4, 2018 (the first group of athletes), and Championship of the Southern Federal District, held on January 14-16, 2022 in Krasnodar (the second group of athletes). The results of the study. Comparison of biomechanical parameters of the last steps of the run-up and repulsion by athletes of the two groups showed a significant difference in the speed of the last step of the run-up, the time of the reference phases of the last steps of the run-up and the repulsion itself by more qualified athletes - MSMC (1st group). In addition, athletes with higher qualifications were found to have a reliable correlation between the result of the jump and the time of repulsion, the angle in the knee joint when setting the foot to repel and the angle of setting the foot to repel. In less qualified athletes (level 1 and CMS), correlations were found between the result and the horizontal speed of repulsion, the resulting speed and angle in the knee joint when placing the foot on repulsion. Conclusion The results of comparing the two groups of athletes allowed us to establish a significant difference in nine parameters of the take-off and push-off technique. Of all the studied relationships, only one parameter coincides -the relationship between the result and the angle in the knee joint when placing the foot on repulsion.