Development of group and individual models of preparedness of highly qualified rowers-kayakers in the preparatory period of the annual cycle

Relevance. The effectiveness of improving the system of training athletes is largely due to the solution of a number of tasks, which also include issues of modeling and individualization of the training process. Fitness models allow you to establish optimal levels of functioning of various systems of an athlete, the relationship of individual indicators, identify strengths and weaknesses of training and reveal reserves for achieving the planned result. At the same time, group models of preparedness can be taken as a standard. However, given the special role of individualization of the training process of elite athletes, it is necessary to take into account their individual models. In this case, the coach will focus not so much on group generalized model characteristics, as on the maximum development of individual abilities. The aim of study: to identify the most informative indicators of the readiness of highly qualified rowers and kayakers and on their basis to develop group and individual models. Research methods. The following methods were used in the work: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing, gasometry, biomechanical methods, timekeeping, heart rate monitoring, biochemical studies, morphometric methods, modeling, methods of mathematical statistics. The study of athletes was carried out in natural conditions at the training events of the Russian national team in kayaking and canoeing in the preparatory period of the annual cycle. 7 highly qualified rowers, who had the MSMC sports title, aged 27 ±1 years, were under observation. Results. According to the results of step-by-step testing using gasometry, a correlation analysis of the indicators was carried out. To identify the most significant parameters, a factor analysis of the results was carried out. The indicators of maximum oxygen consumption, metabolic equivalent, boat speed at the level of the anaerobic threshold, the average speed of the boat in the 20-minute and 5-minute tests and the muscle mass index were among the significant ones. Using the method of signal deviations, group and individual models of the readiness of rowers were developed. It was revealed that during the preparatory period, the individual model characteristics of the readiness of rowers approach the group ones. Conclusion. Thus, as a result of the research, a technology of special testing has been developed for the construction of individual and group models of the preparedness of highly qualified rowers with the use of gasometric, pedagogical, biomechanical, physiological, morphometric, biochemical methods. The results of the study have been introduced into the practice of training members of the Russian national team in kayaking and canoeing and can be used in the work of regional centers for sports training of rowers and in the educational process of universities of physical culture.