Development of a sensor network model based on LoRaWAN technology

This article presents the development of a LoRaWAN-based sensor network for remote monitoring of electrical grid anomalies in the housing and communal services (HCS) sector. The proposed system addresses critical challenges such as real-time voltage parameter tracking and rapid response to deviations, ensuring operational reliability. The architecture integrates a ZMPT101B voltage sensor, an Arduino UNO microcontroller, and an Lora E32 RF module, utilizing the MQTT protocol for data transmission via the Mosquitto MQTT broker. The system is designed to meet key requirements, including extended coverage, low power consumption, cost efficiency, and scalability. A comparative analysis of IoT technologies (e.g., ZigBee, Wi-Fi, NB-IoT) highlights LoRaWAN’s advantages for HCS applications, such as bidirectional communication, robust interference resistance, and energy efficiency. The study outlines the network’s development stages, from component selection to deployment, supported by IDEF0 and IDEF3 models to illustrate process workflows and device interactions. The Arduino UNO processes sensor data, detecting voltage deviations exceeding 10% from the 230V standard, and triggers alerts via MQTT topics. Field tests confirm a communication range of up to 3 km, dependent on environmental factors. The solution offers a scalable, low-cost approach to enhancing grid stability in HCS, with potential applications in other IoT-driven sectors.