Development of compensatory competence in teaching reading in a foreign language at the level of basic general education

The article is devoted to the study of the development of compensatory competence in the process of learning to read in a foreign language (using the example of English) at the level of basic general education. In a dynamically changing world and the transformation of the educational system, the focus is shifting from simple acquisition of knowledge to the formation of competencies necessary for future professional activity. Teaching foreign languages is no exception. In this context, this means a transition to a competence-based approach, where the key goal is the formation of foreign-language communicative competence, an integral part of which is compensatory competence. Compensatory competence is the ability to communicate in a foreign language even when the student does not know the necessary words or grammatical structures. It is the ability to overcome the language barrier by using synonyms, descriptive phrases, gestures, and other ways to convey your message. The development of this competence is extremely important because it helps students to feel confident and comfortable in real situations of communication in a foreign language, overcoming difficulties and insecurities. The article argues the importance of developing compensatory competence through reading, one of the four types of speech activity, since reading provides a broader context and allows students to interpret information independently, even if there are gaps in vocabulary or grammar. The article defines the place of compensatory competence in the composition of foreign language communicative competence. It is considered as a set of strategies that allow students to overcome communication barriers associated with ignorance of certain words or grammatical constructions. In addition, the paper briefly describes some psychological characteristics of middle school-age adolescents that may affect the process of learning a foreign language, highlights criteria for assessing the level of development of compensatory competence, and provides examples of exercises designed to take into account the age characteristics of students and aimed at developing compensatory competence when learning to read in English at the basic level. general education.