Реализация и практические аспекты применения Устава сельскохозяйственных артелей 1930 г. на Юге России

Implementation and Practical Aspects of the Application of the 1930 Charter of Agricultural Artels in the South Russia

The article studies the features and practical experience of the application of the Charter of Agricultural Artels in 1930 in the South Russia. It is a comprehensive analysis of one of the most important documents of the Soviet era, which played a key role in the collectivization and development of agriculture in the country. The Charter was the most important legal source regulating the internal working life of collective farms, defining their organizational structure, principles of admission and exclusion of members, distribution of profits and expenses, and so on. The Charter contributed to the regulation of relations between collective farms and government agencies and organizations, being a central element of the emerging collective farm system. This work analyzes historical sources, archival materials, periodicals of the period under review, which allow us to trace the details of the practical application of the Charter in the working life of the peasants of the Don and Kuban in the period of 1930–1935. The work touches on the advantages and disadvantages of the practical application of the Charter. The author notes that the adoption and implementation of the Charter were held not without difficulties and obstacles. One of the main problems was the discrepancy between national political requirements and local conditions, in the ongoing struggle against the kulaks, traditions and way of life of the peasants of South Russia. The experience of applying the Charter testifies to cases of abuse and distortion, which generated negative reactions among the peasantry. The author concludes that, despite the existing shortcomings of the right source, the Charter played an important role in the reorganization of the agricultural sector and the transition from small private farms to large collective farms. Historical experience has shown that the developed charter has become a key tool that made it possible to launch the modernization of agriculture, which ensured further economic development.