Climate change and human health. Рубрика в журнале - Региональные проблемы
Climate and children with bronchial asthma: a case study for the Russian Far East
Статья научная
Bronchial asthma (BA) continuously increases during the last century, and to date, has reached 15% of the world’s child population. Respiratory system and bronchial asthma morbidity are the first in the list of climate-sensitive diseases, and children compound a climate-high-risk group of the population. In recent years, there has been a steady growth of BA among children and teenagers of the Khabarovsk Krai, Russia; among teenagers, this number has doubled in the last ten years. The aim of the current study is to carry a comprehensive analysis covering climatic factors for bronchial asthma in children and teenagers, at the southern part of the Russian Far East (FE). The study area is located in monsoon climate of temperate latitudes characterized by extreme annual air temperature amplitude, with cold Siberian winter and tropically hot and sultry summer. Assessment of weather impact on children with BA in Khabarovsk, administrative center of the FE, for period 2013-2014 shows that the BA visits have a seasonal regime with peaks in spring (March - April) and in autumn - early winter (November - December), when day-to-day changes in temperature are large, and in summer (July) due to a large number of allergens (flowering plant-allergens), when various allergic diseases exacerbate...
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Elderly mortality and climate at the Russian Far East
Статья научная
Medical and demographic statistics for elderly population is analysed for the regions at the Russian Far East, namely Primorsky and Khabarovsky Krai, Amur Region and the Jewish Autonomous Region (JAR), showing rapid growth of people at age cohort 65 years and older with double excess of women over men. On the contrary, “gender mortality dimorphism” at elderly ages is registered meaning all-cause mortality is 1.5-2.5 times higher for men than for women. More than 70% of all human losses for elderly population are caused by diseases of the circulatory system and neoplasms. Wet Kata Cooling Power by Hill, Net Effective Temperature and Wind Chill are bioclimatis indices chosen to illustrate the impact of climate on elderly mortality. The results show strong dependence of cardiovascular mortality on climate. Even keeping in mind that man-made social and economic environment plays great role in morbidity and mortality of elderly population, medical society must remember that critical exacerbation of chronic diseases can be triggered by discomfortable weather conditions. The results obtained can be used by health professionals in the development of strategies to mitigate the effect of weather in a changing climate, to promote, preserve and maintain public health.
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Factor temporary forecast of socially significant morbidity in Primorsky krai
Статья научная
At present, the problem of climate change and its impact on human health has become one of the central issues in the field of anthropoecology. The aim of this work was to analyze the influence of climatic factors on the socially significant pathology of the population in regions of Primorsky Krai. The main research method was “time factor forecasting”. The “factor” approach proposed by the authors is based on the idea of predicting not specific absolute indicators, but morbidity level that could be higher or equal to some critical value given by the researcher. This problem was solved by the original algorithm for interval pattern recognition. Based on this method, the results of temporary factor forecasting of the critical levels for 7 indicators of socially significant morbidity using four climatic, four socio-economic and one environmental factor, are presented. It is shown climatic factors basically are satisfactory and have a high quality for the forecast, while the socioeconomic and ecological factors are mostly unsatisfactory...
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Human parasites in the Amur river: the results of 2017-2018 field studies
Статья научная
Foodborne diseases are an important health problem worldwide. In the Far East of Russia, the greatest epidemiological significance is found for representatives of four trematode genera, including Clonorchis and Metagonimus. In 2017, it was discovered that a new species of Metagonimus suifunensis, previously described as M. yokogawai, was distributed in the Primorsky Krai and the Khabarovsky Krai. In 2017-2018 the infection of the first and second intermediate hosts by Clonorchis sinensis и Metagonimus spp. was assessed in the Amur River basin. New results for these parasites from the Khabarovsky Krai, comparison with data for the Primorsky Krai and discussion in connection with the human activity in the Far East region are reported in current research. A possible location with the presence of a disruptive selection for Metagonimus spp. was found in Khabarovsky Krai. In addition to Clonorchis sinensis and Metagonimus spp., new information on the distribution was obtained for another trematode species in Khabarovsky Krai.
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Статья научная
The paper analyses trends in temperature extremes such as hot days, very hot days and extremely hot days over southern India during summer season for the period 1969 to 2015. Tendencies in human thermal discomfort have also been worked out for the same time period. Linear regression and Mann-Kendall test were applied for time series analysis. Human thermal discomfort was investigated using Heat Index (HI) and Wet Bulb Globe temperature (WBGT) indices. It was observed that hot days and very hot days have increased during the study period over southern half of the study area. The rate of change is higher and significant over west coast. Consequently an increase in discomfort was observed over west coast during all summer months, which are March, April and May. During April and May even the east coast stations revealed significant upward trend in discomfort. Even some inland stations have registered rising tendencies in discomfort. It reveals that the heat stress is rising in the southern India, which is a major health concern for the population living in this area. There is a need to develop a warning system of heat stress, which will help in preventing casualties due to heat stress.
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Spatial-temporal patterns of travel climate comfortable period in Northeast China from 1981 to 2010
Статья научная
As a kind of time scale to the assessment of travel climate comfort degree, travel climate comfortable period (TCCP) is of significance to tourism development, such as architectural design of the tourism scenic spot, health of the tourists, and regional tourism development strategy under climate influence etc. Most of studies on TCCP generally took month-scale as the time granularity, which was too long to precisely chart the intra- or inter- regional differences. TCCP spatial and temporal characteristics of Northeast China from 1981 to 2010 in day-scale are described. Based on the daily meteorological data from 98 basic weather stations in Northeast China, including Heilongjiang province, Jilin province, and Liaoning province, this paper made use of Temperature Humidity Index and Wind Chill Index, and built the compound model based on them to assess the climate comfortableness of this area in the past 30 years since the 1980s. This study indicates the average annual and seasonal TCCP and its spatial patterns in Northeast China. The research results can provide the basic cognition and important reference of the travel health guarantee and climate environmental adaption for the tourism development in this area.
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Weather dependence of patients with respiratory pathology at the south of Primorsky krai
Статья научная
Climato-physiological reactions can be considered as favorable or adequate one, when irregular reactions of functional systems initiate autoregulatory processes returning the system to optimal functioning. The weather dependence is an ability of an organism to respond to changes in particular weather parameter and a complex of weather factors (atmospheric pressure, temperature, wind, etc.). The climatic factors mainly exposure to the skin and the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract; the respiratory system changes induced by the contrasting climate can be the result of meteophysiological processes and meteopathic reactions. Disadaptation in patients with respiratory diseases occurs more often and is more severe than in healthy people. The aim of the current study is to define the weather dependence degree of external respiration function of patients with bronchopulmonary pathology in the south of Primorsky Krai, characterized by the monsoon climate with negative effect on human health.
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