Regulation of blockchain technologies in the financial sector. 5.2.3 – Regional and sectoral economy

The transformation of financial markets under the influence of digital technologies highlights the need to establish consistent regulatory models for digital assets and distributed ledgers. International practices demonstrate a shift from fragmented restrictive measures to comprehensive regulatory frameworks that ensure the institutional stability of digital infrastructure and uniform enforcement. This article provides a systematic overview of the regulatory models for blockchain technologies in leading jurisdictions and analyzes the international standards that shape the technological and legal framework for digital markets. The integration of these materials, including tables of comparative approaches and standards, has allowed us to identify key structural elements that are relevant for adaptation to the Russian financial system. Based on this analysis, we have proposed a concept for modernizing national regulation that takes into account the requirement for technological neutrality, the need to unify terminology, and standardize supervision procedures.