A retrospective and prospective analysis of migration processes in the Republic of Bashkortostan

The article presents a retrospective and prospective analysis of the migration processes that took place in Bashkortostan, as well as an attempt to regulate them by the state. A brief reference is given on ancient migration and the formation of ethnic communities in Bashkiria, but the greatest attention is paid in the text of the twentieth and early twentieth centuries. The most complex and, as researchers call it, “stressful” migration flows occurred in the region during the First World War, the Civil War and the Great Patriotic War. At this time, the authorities have to create organizations that regulate and control migration processes. So, back in 1914-1915, bureaus, reference offices, and committees appeared to track and assist refugees, prisoners, and transit workers. During the Civil War and the Great Patriotic War, a whole system of work with refugees, the wounded and the evacuated population was already created. After the war and in the late Soviet period, migration processes took on the appearance of internal and were mainly inter-regional in nature and the nature of urbanization. In the 90s, there was practically no government regulation of migration, as society and the authorities solved problems of economic and political importance. Therefore, migration processes had a spontaneous appearance and were multidirectional. On the one hand, labor migrants from Central Asia were returning to Bashkortostan from the former Soviet republics, on the other.