Reserves of sunflower and soybean production by structural changes in varieties and cultivars in fields of the Krasnodar region

Scientific approach to introduction of the varieties and hybrids into production is a perspective, environmentally safe and economically profitable way of development of this plant growing branch. Thus, when planning the sowing structure, there are necessary recommendations of the specialists on selection of varieties and hybrids considered biological features including duration of vegetative period. Parameters of the model are determined by nature and climatic conditions of sowing locations. To consider yield level in production is very important too. Analysis of the period 2012-2016 showed that varieties range with longer period of maturity is not always more productive. Due to this fact, there was calculated a coefficient of yield stability to estimate a character of changes in dynamic. When planning the structural changes there were accounted both nature and climatic conditions in zones and real results of soybean and sunflower production. Cultivation of early maturing varieties and hybrids in the northern zone have good results, their main advantage is a possibility to treat soil for the further winter crops planting. Middle and middle early maturing groups have high yield and high meanings of stability coefficient. The favorable conditions of the central zone and shifted sowing dates comparing to the northern zone allow increasing a share of the middle maturing varieties and abandoning the very early maturing group. Availability of productive moisture in the western zone allows to involve into sowings the middle and middle early maturing groups equally. The southern-mountain and anapo-tamanskaya zones do not have favorable conditions, so it is reasonable to use the early maturing varieties and hybrids for sowings. Soybean sowings in the northern zone are overfilled with the varieties of the middle maturing group; however, the longstanding vegetative dates do not allow plants formed yields fully. In sowings, there are absent the recommended for cultivation varieties of very early and early maturing groups having high yield and yield stability. The sowings in the central zone must be enhanced with the early maturing varieties and hybrids. The reserves of yield increase in the southern-mountain and western zones are concluded in the optimization of varieties structure on early and middle-early groups.