The role of functional systems in the process of adaptation to physical exertion

This article reveals such an important problem as human adaptation to physical activity and its impact on the functional state of the body. Adaptation is the basis of evolution, the result of which is genetically fixed and inherited. The adaptation process includes urgent and long-term processes. The mechanisms of these processes must be considered from the standpoint of G.K. Anokhin. In the process of sports activities, the increase in working capacity is ensured by activating the relaxation mechanism of urgent adaptation. The high intensity of energy exchange under conditions of extreme physical exertion causes a progressive increase in aundose and the accumulation of metabolic intermediates in the body of an athlete. It has been shown that under conditions of physical stress, a multiple increase in the content of the main stress hormones in the blood and urine is observed. In relation to the process of adaptation to physical loads, the functional approach received an original interpretation in our studies regarding the concept of the locomotor (motor) functional system (LFS), which combines as components most of the systems classified according to anatomical and functional characteristics: central nervous, autonomic, neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, neuromuscular and others. As a result of our research, it was found that the effect of an explosive increase in working capacity is provided by increasing this working capacity, by activating the relaxation mechanism of urgent mobilization of protection, the essence of which is to activate the inhibitory systems of the central nervous system, normalize the process of relaxation of skeletal muscles and significantly increase its speed during the interaction of the body with various adaptogenic factors. It was also found that under conditions of physical stress, there is a multiple increase in the blood and urine of the main stress hormones.