A role of bee pollination in formation of high and stable yields of sunflower confectionary varieties (review)

Based on an analysis of domestic and foreign works, there are described the main breeding traits which differ confectionary and oil sunflower varieties. Varietal set, a year of introduction, regions of introduction and maturity group of the each sample, included into the State variety register of the breeding achievements of the Russian Federation, permitted for production, were studied. The use directions of confectionary sunflower seeds in Russia and the rest of the world are analyzed. The features of sunflower OP-varieties as a typical cross-pollinating entomophilous crop which requires for extra bee pollination to realize a potential productivity were described. A scale of yield losses caused by insufficient bee pollination (from 25 to 40 and more percent) is estimated. We guess that insufficient bee pollination can be a reason of rough distortion in estimation of the potential productivity of OP-varieties compared to hybrids which are self-fertility selected. The main reasons effected the bee presence in crops and sunflower seeds formation were analyzed. The role of genotype, weather conditions during sunflower plants flowering, why bees prefer the concrete varieties are considered as primary ones.